Answer:D
Explanation:all of the above.
They are simple molecules that can cross the plasma membrane by passive diffusion.
<span>proton gradient</span> establishment
Chemiosmosis is the process that allows the diffusion of a
molecule or an atom through the membrane. Also, it is the movement of ions
across semipermeable membrane down their electrochemical gradients. In chloroplast,
chemiosmotic coupling is an important factor in ATP production through proton
gradient establishment.
a picture of the answers would help :)
The answer is scientific question
