Its basic cause was a dynastic quarrel that originated when the conquest of England by William of Normandy created a state lying on both sides of the English Channel. In the 14th cent. the English kings held the duchy of Guienne in France; they resented paying homage to the French kings, and they feared the increasing control exerted by the French crown over its great feudal vassals. The immediate causes of the Hundred Years War were the dissatisfaction of Edward III of England with the nonfulfillment by Philip VI of France of his pledges to restore a part of Guienne taken by Charles IV; the English attempts to control Flanders, an important market for English wool and a source of cloth; and Philip's support of Scotland against England.
C. Growth of trade with the Middle East.
Because the Crusaders have ruled the Middle East for awhile, they established connections with some of the people groups there. And even though they lost the war, they still brought back valuable inventions and products (not inventions, like food, etc) that helped europeans in many way
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Mali had acquired a reputation as a fabulously wealthy empire, ruled by a generous and pious sultan, Mansa Musa.He had expanded his boundaries all sides and acquired the cities of Gao and Timbuktu. The kingdom was considerably rich in gold. Mansa Musa also producing controlled the salt producing areas.
the worldwide body or society of Christians. so B i believe
