Plants’ nonspecific immune responses includes cell-surface receptors (pattern recognition proteins) which allow them to identify certain patterns characteristic for pathogens. Activated receptors trigger the production of chemical signals that may initiate both local and systemic defense responses. Sometimes when a plant is affected by infection, it triggers rapid localized programmed cell death to stop the infection further. When it comes to defense form the herbivores, plants have physical barriers (plant cell walls and their extensions), some antibiotic compounds (phytoalexins), and even enzymes that can defend them.
If the mutation takes place in a gamete that ends up forming an embryo, the mutation will be passed on to an offspring. This can also occur if the mutation occurs early in an embryos development, and the cell becomes one of the gamete forming cells, the mutation will be passed on to their offspring.
Answer:
Divergent plate boundaries because the separating of the tectonic plates allows for the lava to push its way through the rift and escape to Earth's surface.
