Answer:
The electron transport chain may be defined as the sequential steps of the oxidation and reduction of the cytochromes. The electron transport chain is important for the production of ATP.
The gramicidn protein is an ionophoric antibiotic that can affect the electron transport system. The electron transport rate, oxygen uptake and proton pumping remains the same as more hydrogen ions will enter in the cell. But the ATP synthesis rate might decrease and completely stop by using gramicidin.
Answer:
Pericentric, inversion loop.
Explanation:
Chromosomal inversion may be defined as the rearrangement of chromosome that may get reversed and attached. Two main types of inversion are pericentric inversion and paracentric inversion.
The pericentric inversion involves the inversion of chromsome and centromere is involved in this inversion. M Q P O • N R S T , in this case centromere is present and shows the pericentric inversion. The structure that forms during the synapsis is known as inversion loop.
Thus, the answer is pericentric, inversion loop.
