You could answer this question by Process of Elimination.
D) would be ruled out because this is a positive outcome.
B) would be ruled out because this is also a positive outcome.
C) is a weak distractor. A) is a better answer.
So your answer would probably be A)
"organ, organ system, organism" is the one among the following that represents a correct sequence of levels within the hierarchy of life. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the last option or option "D". I hope that this answer has come to your help.
Answer:
The correct answer is: D. Epinephrine decreases calcium levels in arm smooth muscle.
Explanation:
Smooth muscle makes up an important part of the structure of blood vessels' walls. Its main function is to contract or relax when the body requires to do so, directly impacting blood pressure. When the smooth muscle in arteries contracts, blood pressure rises; and when the smooth muscle relaxes, blood pressure decreases.
For the smooth muscle to be able to contract, calcium needs to be present thanks to the stimulation of neurotransmitters.
When Epinephrine is released, it can interact with different types of receptors depending on the tissue or organ. In the majority of smooth muscle, epinephrine contacts alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and produces an effect of vasoconstriction (contraction of the blood vessel), BUT in the smooth muscle located in the blood vessels of skeletal muscles, like the one in the arms, epinephrine interacts with beta-2 adrenergic receptors and generates the opposite effect: it produces vasodilation - the relaxation of the smooth muscle.
In conclusion, when Epinephrine is released, it produces a decrease in the calcium levels in the arms smooth muscle.