The answer would be A, The Colosseum.
It was Alexander the Great of Macedonia who conquered Persia in the 330s BC, in what became known as one of the most significant takeovers in history, since it led to the fall of the Persian Empire.
In this quotation Winston Churchill is expressing reproach with the use of the word dishonor in regards to whoever he believes acted dishonorably. The word reproach means to address someone in a way that expresses disapproval or disappointment (in this case it is disappointment or disapproval in the other parties actions which he has labeled "dishonorable."
If Multiple choice please list choices