Answer:Ecological succession is the process that describes how the structure of a biological community (that is, an interacting group of various species in a desert, forest, grassland, marine environment, and so on) changes over time. The structure of this community becomes more complex as new species arrive on the scene.
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Artificial selection is the process by which humans choose individual organisms with certain phenotypic trait values for breeding. If there is additive genetic variance for the selected trait, it will respond to the selection, that is, the trait will evolve.
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pathogens
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pathogens may occur in various way e.g spread from a person to person by directly body contact
If you are implying one these choices not needed for survival it would be parents only when you can survive on your own (I'm not that sure but I hope this helped the slightest but)
Answer: The term "phenotype" refers to the observable physical properties of an organism; these include the organism's appearance, development, and behavior. An organism's phenotype is determined by its genotype, which is the set of genes the organism carries, as well as by environmental influences upon these genes
Explanation: good luck and get good grades