From the 11th to 13th centuries, medieval Europe<span> absorbed knowledge from </span>Islamic civilization<span>, which was then at its cultural peak. Of particular importance was the </span>rediscovery of some ancient classic texts<span>, most notably the work of the </span>Greek natural philosopher Aristotle<span>, through retranslations from </span>Arabic<span>. Also of note is the reception of advances in </span>astronomy<span> and </span>mathematics<span> made in the Islamic world during the 10th century, such as the development of the </span>astrolabe<span>.</span>
The progressive party was successful in getting congress to pass and the states to ratify the seventeenth amendment on april 8, 1913, which allowed for the direct election of u.s. senators by the voters themselves, substituting Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the constitution, in which the Senate was elected by the State Legislatures.
The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) agreements signed in the 1970s by the United States and the Soviet Union were efforts to "<span>(1) reduce Cold War tensions," since the direct aim was to eliminate large portions of each nation's nuclear arsenal. </span>
August 25th,1540......................
