The large number of areas covered by the chemical energetics can be explained by the different forms in which chemical energy can be released: heat and combustion work, electrical energy in electrochemistry, radiant energy in chemiluminescent systems.
The chemical energy provided by a reaction reflects the energy balance associated with the electronic modifications suffered by the species involved.
From an energy point of view, a chemical reaction between molecules can be schematized in two stages. The first requires a supply of energy and corresponds to the rupture of the bonds of the reactant molecules with release of the atoms which constitute them.
The second releases energy and concerns the creation, by recombination of these atoms, of new bonds entering the structure of the reaction molecules.
As a general rule, the energy released in the second stage is greater than the first. We are talking about exothermic reaction. The difference between these two energies (reaction enthalpy) measures the amount of chemical energy transferred to the external environment.
It is conceivable that this quantity translates, not only the number, but also the strength of the connections involved.
Answer: the tails are hydrophobic and the heads are hydrophilic
<span>The answer is autosomes.
</span>In
a human diploid somatic cell (2n), there are 22 chromosomes
present in two copies and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. This means
there are 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 pairs of autosomes and 1
pair of sex chromosomes. <span>There are in total 46 chromosomes (23 pairs
in 2 copies: 23 × 2 = 46).</span>
Answer:
Explanation:
DNA polymerases are the enzymes that build DNA in cells. DNA polymerase also proofread their work to check for any error the process of which is called proof reading.
If the polymerase detects that an Incorrectly paired nucleotide has been added, it will remove (splicing) and replace the nucleotide with the correct one before it continues with DNA synthesis.
Mismatch repairing also corrects other errors that omit proofreading. They fix mismatched base pairs, replace some insertion and deleted base pair that can result into mutations.
When an error is corrected the rate of mutation is reduced this is because mutation results from error during the DNA formation process either through Insertion of a wrong nitrogenous base, or deletion leading to formation of an entirely new amino acid sequence that result into abnormal phenotype.
