Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate.
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells. Inside, carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is subsequently hydrolyzed into bicarbonate (HCO3−) and H+. The H+ ion binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and bicarbonate is transported out of the red blood cells in exchange for a chloride ion. This is called the chloride shift.
Bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the blood plasma. In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for chloride. The H+ dissociates from hemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase, which further catalyzes the reaction to convert carbonic acid back into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the lungs.
The kinetic energy of an object depends on both its mass and its speed. Kinetic energy increased as mass and speed are increased.
Offspring with a 3:1 ratio suggest that both parent that both parent that give rise to this offspring were both heterozygous. Heterozygous individual is someone who has two different allele at a locus whereby by one gene is dominant over the other gene. example of heterozygous parent is a parent Aa pair of alleles. In this pair gene A is dominant over gene a
In the greenhouse effect, far infrared radiation is emitted from the Earth's surface and absorbed and reemitted by some gases in the atmosphere.
These gases have increased in concentration over the past century.
<h3>What is the greenhouse effect?</h3>
The greenhouse effect refers to the effect that occurs due to certain gases present in the atmosphere which serves as blanket by preventing escape of heat from the earth.
Greenhouse gases include most especially carbon dioxide.
In the greenhouse effect, far infrared radiation is emitted from the Earth's surface and absorbed and reemitted by some gases in the atmosphere.
These gases have increased in concentration over the past century.
Learn more about greenhouse effect at: brainly.com/question/17023405
The correct answer is - C) carotenoids.
The majority of the trees from the mid-latitude forests tend to shade their leaves in the autumn. This process occurs because of the seasonal changes in the climate, where the trees tend to be almost not-active during the winter, so in order to preserve as much energy and nutrients as possible they get read off their leaves.
It is not a sudden process, but it takes some time, where the leaves from the initial green color start to change to yellowish, than towards orange, reddish, or brownish before they fall.
The reason why this coloration appears in the leaves when the tree starts to process of shading them off are carotenoids. The carotenoids found in the leaves, the lutein and the beta-caroten, thorugh the xantophills and the flavonoids give a yellowish color to the leaves, thus we get the beautiful autumn colors and landscapes.
