It is 3 to 4
you find the GCF of 24 and 32 which is 8. then divide 24 and 32 by 8 to find the ratio
1. Introduction. This paper discusses a special form of positive dependence.
Positive dependence may refer to two random variables that have
a positive covariance, but other definitions of positive dependence have
been proposed as well; see [24] for an overview. Random variables X =
(X1, . . . , Xd) are said to be associated if cov{f(X), g(X)} ≥ 0 for any
two non-decreasing functions f and g for which E|f(X)|, E|g(X)|, and
E|f(X)g(X)| all exist [13]. This notion has important applications in probability
theory and statistical physics; see, for example, [28, 29].
However, association may be difficult to verify in a specific context. The
celebrated FKG theorem, formulated by Fortuin, Kasteleyn, and Ginibre in
[14], introduces an alternative notion and establishes that X are associated if
∗
SF was supported in part by an NSERC Discovery Research Grant, KS by grant
#FA9550-12-1-0392 from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), CU by the Austrian Science
Fund (FWF) Y 903-N35, and PZ by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme
PIOF-GA-2011-300975.
MSC 2010 subject classifications: Primary 60E15, 62H99; secondary 15B48
Keywords and phrases: Association, concentration graph, conditional Gaussian distribution,
faithfulness, graphical models, log-linear interactions, Markov property, positive
The last choice is appropriate.
When you plot the numbers on a graph or draw a histogram using them, you find the distribution shapes are
Lake A: ∩
Lake B: ∪
Lake C: ∩
Lake D: ∩
Apparently the weights of fish in Lake B have a U-shaped distribution.
Part A) The area of a parallelogram is base × height.
3 × 2/3 = 6/3 = 2
2 feet squared is the area of the whole parallelogram.
Part B) The diagonal of a parallelogram separates it into two congruent triangles.
The area of each triangle will be:
base × height × 1/2
3 × 2/3 × 1/2 = 6/6 = 1
1 foot squared is the area for each triangle.
