A amendment could be ratified by a 3/4 vote of the state legislatures. hope this helps
Italy was not a central power
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed President Johnson to send troops to Vietnam, thus waging a war without actually "declaring" it as war. Checks and balances keep the power divided and balanced among government branches; it is the duty of Congress to declare war, so President Johnson waging war without the declaration of war by Congress breaks this system.
It was Russia, it should be noted though, that Iceland made it clear that the treaty would be put in effect
