Sir Isaac Newton, held the theory that light<span> was </span>made<span> up of tiny particles. In 1678, </span>Dutch<span> physicist, </span>Christiaan Huygens<span>, believed that </span>light<span> was </span>made<span> up of waves vibrating up and down perpendicular to the direction of the </span>light<span> travels, and therefore formulated a way of visualizing wave propagation.</span>
Answer:
up-regulation
Explanation:
Upregulation is where a increases the quantity of a cellular component like protein or RNA in response to an external stimulus.By controlling the number of its receptors, cells may increase and decrease their cell sensitivity.... Hormones can also trigger cells to control themselves by upregulation.( Estrogen is the primary sex hormone for females).
I believe it is convergent evolution
Answer:
yes, our outer space has a moon
Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
