Answer:
Monthly payment: 460.41 dollars
Effective rate: 4.07%
Explanation:
we will calculate the PTM of an annuity of 25,000 over 5 year at 4%
PV $25,000.00
time 60
rate 0.003333333
C $ 460.413
Now we need to know the effective rate, which is the same as 4% compounding monthly:
![(1+0.04/12)^{60} = (1+ r_e)^{5}\\r_e = \sqrt[5]{(1+0.04/12)^{60}} - 1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%281%2B0.04%2F12%29%5E%7B60%7D%20%3D%20%281%2B%20r_e%29%5E%7B5%7D%5C%5Cr_e%20%3D%20%5Csqrt%5B5%5D%7B%281%2B0.04%2F12%29%5E%7B60%7D%7D%20-%201)
effective rate = 0.040741543 = 4.07%
Answer: 
GDP contribution is $6.
Explanation: GDP refers to the market value of final goods and services produced withing the national territory of a country.
Using the value added method, we can calculate GDP by summing up the value added at each level of production.
Or
Using the expenditure approach, GDP is the market value of the final good sold to the customer.
GDP = Cost of bread to the engineer = $6
Answer:
When Rosalyn comes into the office, she speaks to no one, shuts her door, and is rarely seen again until lunch. She supervises a team of 12 people though. Carmelita has a new idea she would like to share with management, but is unsure if she should take it to Rosalyn. How would you describe this upward communication?
Option B: lacking trust
Explanation:
Upward communication is the process of information or communication channel methods flowing from the front-line or lower levels employees of a hierarchy to transfer messages the upper levels, to managers, like Rosalyn, supervisors and directors. This type of communication is becoming more popular in organizations as traditional forms of communication are becoming less popular but these channels may face significant barriers for employees attempting to send feedback or other communication to higher-level management as trust involves knowing that a partner has your best interest at heart and manager as Rosalyn may not be prompting employee´s trust not having an "open door policy" which enables trust among her employees. It is hard to feel safe and secure when you are involved with someone who would betray your trust. Not only is trust important, but a lack of trust, distrust, doubt, doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiousness, incertitude, question, skepticism, suspicion, uncertainty, wonder leeriness, suspicion and lack of conviction or certainty often leads to lying, deception or unwillingness which makes subordinates not to send the information to their superior willingly. Manager who are not open cause fear of inefficiency therefore, the communication system may be disrupted.
Upward communication helps employees to express their requirements, ideas, and feelings. For the top management, upward communication is an important source of information for business decisions. It helps in alerting top management about the requirement of changes in an organisations.
