Well without a description om shooting in the dark. But id assume that the answer is Trench Warfare. Since A- was around since contact with Native Americans and largely popular in North America. B- Only was used and discovered in WW2. And C- was used but was largely frowned upon and condemned by both sides.<span />
Option 4. James Madison provided vital support to the democratic thinkers as he is known to be the co-founder of Democratic Republican party.
He also generated the initial drafts of the US Constitution and he is prevalently famous as the ‘Father of US Constitution.’ He also penned the Bill of Rights.
He was a federalist as he played a vital role in scheming the Constitution. He also assisted in writing the Federal papers. He also lead US to the debatable war of Independence against Britain.
I believe its; Had understand of scientific principles, had understanding of mathematics, developed technologies which somehow were lost (The records of the lost technologies were burned down in a library/and when Roman was overran by barbarians, thus I'm not sure if the last one is correct or not.)