For 14, 15, and 16 you would move the decimal the number in the exponent to the left because the exponent is negative. For example 14 would be .00000030
If you mistyped the question and you meant y=1/4x to the power of 0.5X then yes it's a function, but if you didint mistyped it then no because it cannot be graphed
For an exponential function the y-intercept is the "initial value" (not the common ratio).

will always be 2. if that's what you need
note that

because anything to the power of zero equals 0 (mathematically it's deciding something by itself)
-- It takes 10 workers 3 days to build 1 house.
so
-- It takes 10 workers 1 day to build 1/3 of a house.
so
-- It takes 1 worker 1 day to build 1/30 of a house.
You got 15 workers and you need 4 houses ?
Well, as we just calculated . . .
-- It takes 1 worker 1 day to build 1/30 of a house.
so
-- It takes 15 workers 1 day to build 15/30 = 1/2 of a house.
so
-- It takes 15 workers 2 days to build 1 whole house.
so
-- It takes 15 workers 8 days to build 4 houses.
If the '7t' is supposed to be '7y', then the answer is below
(4y+8)-(7y-12)=11
distribute the negative into the second parenthesis
4y+8-7y+12=11
combine like terms
-3y+20=11
subtract the 20 from both sides
-3y=-9
divide by -3 on both sides
y=3
if it is supposed to be '7t', I'm not sure if there's enough information