Answer: Answer: Merton is most likely experiencing REM sleeping.
Explanation: REM sleeping known as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement of sleep during which most brain activity and dreams occur. It is BGC also known as paradoxical sleep (PS) and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of similarities to waking states. This sleep is characterized by irregular breathing, fast heart rate and lasts about 90 minutes.
The giving of reward or bonus to encourage a certain person to do the job in the best way that he could is referred to as "positive reinforcement". This is in opposite of the "negative reinforcement" wherein one is encourage to do the job in the best way because if he does not, he will receive punishment.
<u>Social Darwinism</u> was proposed by Herbert Spencer and is used to argue that poverty is nature's way of excreting the unfit members of society to make room for the fit.
Herbert Spencer worked in this theory, on the lines of Charles Darwin's survival of the fittest and he said that poverty is nature's way of getting rid with the unhealthy, imbecile people as well as faithless members of the society in order to make room for the fit ones.
He argues that state or private charities interfere with this function of society, eventually not letting nature get rid of the weak. He believed that people are stratified in the society based on their abilities and efforts.
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The supreme power of the state to act within its territory and have absolute authority over its internal and external affairs is called. Sovereignty.
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