Answer:
True or False Statements about the conceptual framework:
(a) False: The fundamental qualitative characteristics that make accounting information useful are relevance and faithful representation, which suggest materiality and completeness respectively.
(b) False: Relevant information must also be material in a financial statement user's decision, in addition to having predictive and confirmatory values.
(c) False: It is information that is relevant that is characterized as having predictive or confirmatory value, and not information that shows faithful representation.
(d) False: Comparability also refers to comparisons of a firm over time (which is appropriately described as consistency). This is in addition to the similar reporting of information by different companies.
(e) False: Enhancing characteristics do not relate only to faithful representation but also to relevance.
(f) True.
Explanation:
Faithful representation implies completeness. Relevance means that the disclosure will attract important consideration and is material to the matter. Therefore, users of financial reports base their decisions on relevant information and not irrelevant details.
Answer:
Lerner index for Botox = 0.9
Explanation:
The Lerner index measures market power in an industry. The formula for calculating the Lerner index is: L = (P - MC) / P
Lerner index for Botox = ($15 - $1.50) / $15 = 0.9
0.9 in the Lerner index means that a company has a very large market power. Under this situation, this is quite logical since Allergen has a monopoly on Botox, at least until the patent expires.
The Lerner index varies between 0 and 1, with 0 being a situation of perfect competition and 1 a monopolistic situation.
From an accounting standpoint, stockholders' investment and revenues increase the assets of the company without adding to the liabilities. Therefore according to the equation (A = L + E), equity must increase.
Similarly, issuing dividends and paying expenses pays cash out of the company, which decreases assets without changing liabilities. Therefore equity must decrease.
Another way to think of it is: what contributes to the company's profit and/or value, and what decreases these things? Well, revenues and people investing in the company are good (and therefore good for stockholders), and giving cash out and paying expenses are costs to the company (and therefore decrease value for stockholders).
Answer:
The acquisition of businesses that gives the company control of supply chains is vertical integration.
Explanation:
Vertically incorporated corporations acquires either its customer's business or its supplier's business to have a control of supply chains and distribution channels.
The customer's business acquisition is often referred to as forward integration and the movement of a company to acquire its supplier's business is often referred to as backward integration.
All consumers including banks, even retirees, are directly impacted by inflation in terms of their income, savings, and spending.
How Inflation affects retirees?
- When determining whether to boost the qualified retirement plan contribution limits or the monthly Social Security benefits, the federal government utilizes inflation as a baseline.
- Pensions, on the other hand, may or may not increase in value with inflation, and private businesses frequently have internal guidelines for how and when to make cost-of-living adjustments.
- The main worry for retirees is how inflation would influence their ability to spend their money on essentials like healthcare, travel, and recreation, all of which are expected to be more expensive during inflationary periods.
- To guard against rising prices, retirees can diversify their sources of income, manage their savings, and make prudent spending decisions.
How will inflation impact banks?
Central banks, including the Federal Reserve, may raise interest rates in an effort to reduce inflation if it is rising while the economy is expanding. Consumer borrowing may slow down as a result of higher interest rates as they take out fewer loans.
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