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Sex chromosomes and autosomes make up the chromosomes. Sex chromosomes determine the sex of the organisms while autosomes determine the physical characteristics of the organisms. Although the sex chromosomes only determine the sex of the organism, it has a direct link to certain physical characteristics of an organism i.e., colorblindedness is only common to males.
Answer:
C. genes
Explanation:
Genes are basic physical & functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA or we can say that they are segments of DNA which have instructions to synthesize bio molecules known as proteins and these protein molecules are further responsible for characteristics of an organism. Genes are located at a specific location in our chromosomes and the location is known as locus. Almost all the characteristics which an organism has depend upon the kind of information they have in their genes.
During developmental stages, how an organism will develop totally depends upon what kind of proteins are being synthesized at that time and as already explained, protein synthesis totally depends upon type of genes present in the organisms.
The process is called photosynthesis and it takes place in the chloroplast of a plant cell
For lactic acid fermentation, the correct options are:
- pyruvate
- hydrogen
- NADH
- lactic acid
- Lactic acid
- pyruvate
- mitochondria
For ethanol fermentation, the correct options are:
- pyruvate
- CO₂
- acetyl CoA
- acetyl CoA
- acetaldehyde
- Acetaldehyde
- hydrogen
- NADH
- ethanol
<h3>What is a anaerobic respiration?</h3>
Anaerobic respiration is respiration which occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Oxygen is used as an electron acceptor during respiration. However, when oxygen is absent or insufficient, other molecules are used as electron acceptors in order to produce energy.
Anaerobic respiration in large organisms may result in the formation of lactate known as lactic acid fermentation.
In lactic acid fermentation, after glycolysis, the two pyruvate molecules receive hydrogen atoms from NADH creating lactic acid. Lactic acid can be converted back into pyruvate in the liver. The pyruvate can then enter into the mitochondria and cellular respiration, can proceed.
On the other hand, anaerobic respiration in microorganisms produce ethanol and is known as ethanol fermentation.
After glycolysis, the two pyruvate molecules lose a CO₂ atom, creating acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA atom combines with hydrogen to form acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde receives a hydrogen atom from NADH, resulting in the production of ethanol.
In conclusion, anaerobic respiration can occur either as a lactate fermentation or ethanol fermentation.
Learn more about anaerobic respiration at: brainly.com/question/13943624
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