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Answer: 1.) Protein: Met-Cys-Ala-Ser-His-Ala-Ile-Arg-Tyr
2.) Protein: Met-Glu-Asn-Cys-Ser-Gly-Arg-Glu-Ala-Thr
3.) Protein: Met-Glu-Pro-Leu-Ile-Cys-Ala-Thr-Glu-Ala-Thr
4.) protein: Met-Asp-Arg-Ile
5.) protein: Met-Ile-Ser-Leu-Ile-Phe-Glu
6.) protein: Met-Glu-Ser-Ile-Gly-Asn
7.) protein: Met-Glu-Arg-Ile-Ser
8.) Protein: Met-Ser-Ala-Val-Glu-Thr-His-Glu-Thr-Arg-Glu-Glu-Ser
Explanation: To produce a protein, genes from DNA have to be transcripted into RNA-messenger. In other words, in transcription the DNA is rewritten with the RNA nucleotides. So, in this sense, nucleotide A from DNA pairs with nucleotide U for RNA; nucleotide T pairs with nucleotide A; nucleotide C with G and nucleotide G with C.
From the DNA sequences given, we have the following RNAm:
1.) DNA: CCT CTT TAC ACA CGG AGG GTA CGC TAT TCT ATG ATT ACA CGG TTG CGA TCC ATA ATC
RNAm: GGA GAA AUG UGU GCC UCC CAU GCG AUA AGA UAC UAA UGU GCC AAC GCU AGG UAU UAG
2.) DNA: AGA ACA TAA TAC CTC TTA ACA CTC TAA AGA CCA GCA CTC CGA TGA ACT GGA GCA
RNAm: UCU UGU AUU AUG GAG AAU UGU GAG AUU UCU GGU CGU GAG GCU ACU UGA CCU CGU
3.) DNA: TAC CTT GGG GAA TAT ACA CGC TGG CTT CGA TGA ATC CGT ACG GTA CTC GCC ATC
RNAm: AUG GAA CCC CUU AUA UGU GCG ACC GAA GCU ACU UAG GCA UGC CAU GAG CGG UAG
4.) DNA: TAA ACT CGG TAC CTA GCT TAG ATC TAA TTA CCC ATC
RNAm: AUU UGA GCC AUG GAU CGA AUC UAG AUU AAU GGG UAG
5.) DNA: CTA TTA CGA TAC TAG AGC GAA TAG AAA CTT ATC ATC
RNAm: GAU AAU GCU AUG AUC UCG CUU AUC UUU GAA UAG UAG
6.) DNA: TAC CTT AGT TAT CCA TTG ACT CGA ATT GTG CGC TTG CTG ATC
RNAm: AUG GAA UCA AUA GGU AAC UGA GCU UAA CAC GCG AAC GAC UAG
7.) DNA: ACC CGA TAC CTC TCT TAT AGC ATT ACA AAC CTC CGA GCG
RNAm: UGG GCU AUG GAG AGA AUA UCG UAA UGU UUG GAG GCU CGC
8.) DNA: TAC AGA CGG CAA CTC TGG GTG CTT TGT TCT CTT CTC AGT ATC
RNAm: AUG UCU GCC GUU GAG ACC CAC GAA ACA AGA GAA GAG UCA UAG
With the RNAm, its sequence is translated into a sequence of aminoacids. This process happens by reading a group of 3 nucleotides, named codon. Each codon is specific for 1 aminoacids. The translation begins with codon AUG, which is the start codon and ends with another specific codon.
The correspondence of codon and specific aminoacids or stop signal is called genetic code and there is a table we can use to produce the sequence of aminoacids.
The translation process will be:
1.) RNAm: GGA GAA AUG UGU GCC UCC CAU GCG AUA AGA UAC UAA UGU GCC AAC GCU AGG UAU UAG
protein: Met-Cys-Ala-Ser-His-Ala-Ile-Arg-Tyr
2.) RNAm: UCU UGU AUU AUG GAG AAU UGU GAG AUU UCU GGU CGU GAG GCU ACU UGA CCU CGU
protein: Met-Glu-Asn-Cys-Ser-Gly-Arg-Glu-Ala-Thr
3.) RNAm: AUG GAA CCC CUU AUA UGU GCG ACC GAA GCU ACU UAG GCA UGC CAU GAG CGG UAG
protein: Met-Glu-Pro-Leu-Ile-Cys-Ala-Thr-Glu-Ala-Thr
4.) RNAm: AUU UGA GCC AUG GAU CGA AUC UAG AUU AAU GGG UAG
protein: Met-Asp-Arg-Ile
5.) RNAm: GAU AAU GCU AUG AUC UCG CUU AUC UUU GAA UAG UAG
protein: Met-Ile-Ser-Leu-Ile-Phe-Glu
6.) RNAm: AUG GAA UCA AUA GGU AAC UGA GCU UAA CAC GCG AAC GAC UAG
protein: Met-Glu-Ser-Ile-Gly-Asn
7.) RNAm: UGG GCU AUG GAG AGA AUA UCG UAA UGU UUG GAG GCU CGC
protein: Met-Glu-Arg-Ile-Ser
8.) RNAm: AUG UCU GCC GUU GAG ACC CAC GAA ACA AGA GAA GAG UCA UAG
protein: Met-Ser-Ala-Val-Glu-Thr-His-Glu-Thr-Arg-Glu-Glu-Ser
The codon chart used is in the attachment.
