I took this before, and it is C) increasing.<span />
Answer:
a. <em>Independent - </em>age; <em>Dependent - </em>intelligence
b. Cross-sectional
Explanation:
Scientific experiments label the variables that they employ in two ways: dependent and independent. Independent variables are those that are changed or manipulated by the researchers. In this case, the researchers are exercising control over the variable of age by selecting a particular type of people. This also means that the researchers believe this variable to have a direct effect on the dependent variable.
On the other hand, dependent variable refers to the variable being tested and measured. It receives this name because the variable is "dependent" on the independent variable. In this case, intelligence is the variable that is believed to depend on age.
Finally, this is also an example of a cross-sectional study. Cross-sectional studies interview different samples of people at a particular point in time. This allows us to have a snapshot of a group at a particular moment. This is different from longitudinal studies, which follow the same sample of people over a long period of time.
The answer is adaptive capacities
Answer:
A. Standard deviation is always a non-negative number.
Explanation:
The true statement about standard deviation is that, standard deviation is always a non-negative number.
A standard deviation is calculated by taking the square root of variance and as such the value of standard deviation is always a positive number and not a negative number.
Additionally, the variance of a sample population is calculated by the summation of all the squared distances obtained from the mean divided by the total number of samples. Hence, all the values of the variance are always positive (non-negative) numbers because they are squared. Consequently, the standard deviation would as well always be a non-negative number.
Here you go :
http://www.institutions-africa.org/trackingdevelopment_archived/resources/docs/TD%20in%20SA%20and%20SSA_The%20primacy%20of%20policy.pdf
