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The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there.
The United States maintained neutrality up until the point where Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. After that, it was impossible for the US to keep to itself.
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Thomas Malthus was an English economist and demographer best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without strict limits on reproduction.
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Montesquieu invented the idea of separation of powers and it is important because it provides the vital system of checks and balances
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