Answer:
a.)
Operant conditioning -
It is a type of learning in which a person learns from consequences ( which may be positive or negative ) that follows person's behavior.
The procedures which encourage the person to do the things the same way he/ she used to do are called reinforcement,
The procedures which discourage the person to do the things the same way he/ she used to do are called punishment.
b.)
Strategies Jim and Kelly could use to encourage or discourage Ryan's behaviors :
Positive Reinforcement -
If Ryan eats without dropping off his food from the plate , it will be encouraging for him if Jim and Kelly appreciate him or buy gifts for him.
Negative Reinforcement -
If Ryan eats without dropping off his food from the plate , it will be encouraging for him if Jim and Kelly should avoid that behavior due to which Ryan is not learning the table manners.
For example - The scolding of Jim or Kelly when Ryan's is dropping off the food on the floor.
Positive Punishments -
If Ryan eats with dropping off his food from the plate , it will be encouraging for him if Jim and Kelly will add some consequences which Ryan will hate.
For example - If Ryan is eating with dropping off the food and Jim or Kelly yells at Ryan for his bad behavior.
Negative Punishments -
If Ryan eats with dropping off his food from the plate , it will be discouraging for him if Jim and Kelly removing any good thing in which Ryan is comfortable.
For example - Ryan's watching TV time reduced or taken away his toys.
It consist of all clinical disorders and mental illnesses with the irregularity of mental slowness in intellectual understanding and awareness, emotional development etc and personality disorders.
The main goal of multicultural education is: c) to help children appreciate their own culture and cultural differences.
<h3>What is
multicultural education?</h3>
Multicultural education can be defined as a form of education which is aimed at nurturing admiration and help children to appreciate diverse ethnocultural heritage, especially by imbibing greater knowledge and understanding on how to navigate various cultures in them.
This ultimately implies that, the main goal of multicultural education is to help children appreciate their own culture and cultural differences, in order to ensure they have culturally responsible behaviors.
Read more on multicultural education here: brainly.com/question/15077150
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That is true because if you decide (2+8)=11
