A router!
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Answer:
Interoperability is the ability of or degree to which two or more systems usefully exchange information via interfaces in particular context. Interoperability can be defined in two ways which includes the ability to exchange data (syntactic interoperability) and also the ability to correctly interpret the data being exchanged (semantic interoperability).
If two systems failed to exchange information properly, it means they are not clear to interpret and not easy to communicate and get proper information from each other and that might result in a failed communication which is in turn result in security flaw.
Other quality attributes strongly related (at least potentially) to interoperability is Application Programming Interface (API)
API is a software intermediary that allows two applications to communicate to each other and are necessary for systems interoperability.
Answer:
A. Define boundaries
C. Deny access
D. Delay access
Explanation:
A barrier is a material or structure used to prevent or block access. Barriers can either be natural or structural and are used for many purposes usually for security reasons. The following are functions of barriers either natural or structural:
- Define areas of boundaries
- Delay or slow access. Example is the use of speed bumps to slow down vehicles.
- Provide access to entrances such as the use of gates
- Deny access to unauthorized personnel and allowing authorized personnel.
Answer:
The time elapsed is 0.017224 s
Solution:
As per the question:
Analog signal to digital bit stream conversion by Host A =64 kbps
Byte packets obtained by Host A = 56 bytes
Rate of transmission = 2 Mbps
Propagation delay = 10 ms = 0.01 s
Now,
Considering the packets' first bit, as its transmission is only after the generation of all the bits in the packet.
Time taken to generate and convert all the bits into digital signal is given by;
t = 
t = 
(Since, 1 byte = 8 bits)
t = 7 ms = 0.007 s
Time Required for transmission of the packet, t':
Now, the time elapse between the bit creation and its decoding is given by:
t + t' + propagation delay= 0.007 + 
+ 0.01= 0.017224 s
1. Honeymoon stage
2. Distress and anxiety
3. Adjustment
4. Adaption
5. Re-entry shock
