What is Sickle cell anemia?
Sickle cell is an autosomal recessive trait of humans that arises through mutation in normal gene. The gene for this trait is found in recessive form and you need two copies of the gene - one from father and one from mother- to have the trait expressed. If the trait is expressed it causes a disease called sickle cell anemia.
People with the sickle cell anemia disease have red blood cells of crescent or sickle shape. The red blood cells of this shape can cause many complications in body. They get stuck in blood vessels and cause pain. They also die quickly and make a person anemic (pale).
Probability to have a child with sickle cell anemia:
If a mother is normal but a father is carrier for the trait, then the situation will be as:
Here N indicate normal allele, S indicate allele for sickle cell anemia.
Mother ˣ Father
NN NS
Gametes: N N N S
Offspring: NN NS NN NS
50% : Normal
50% : Carrier
0% : Sickle cell anemia
It means that 50 % kids will be normal and 50% will be carrier for the trait and none of the offspring will have disease Sickle cell anemia.
However, those who are carriers can carry the disease to the next offspring if they are married to a carrier or a person with sickle cell anemia.
***see attached pic***
Some helpful tips:
The nucleus is always going to be the big, spherical shape.
The ER is always going to be a weird, folded looking structure attached to the nucleus (rough = has ribosomes on it which are usually represented by little dots, smooth = has no ribosomes on it aka no dots)
The GA looks like the ER but it is not going to be attached to the nucleus like the ER is.
The mitochondria is always going to be pill-shaped and have weird folds inside of it.
Answer:
Enzymes speed up cellular reactions
Answer:
A molecule of DNA is made up of two strands which are joined by the hydrogen bonds present in the nucleotide bases. The sugar and phosphate make up the backbone of the DNA. The sequence of the nucleotide bases determines the traits that an organism will carry. Genes are hereditary molecules which are made up of sections of DNA. Together, they make up the entire genome for the organism. Each gene is located on a specific place inside the chromosomes. The chromosomes are the element of reproduction as they undergo the process of meiosis and duplicate themselves.
The answer is FR schedule or fixed ratio schedule. It is a timetable of fortification where a reaction is strengthened simply after a predefined number of reactions. Basically, the subject gives a set number of reactions and after that, the mentor offers a reward. One preferred standpoint of this kind of calendar is that it creates a high, enduring rate of reacting with just a concise delay after the conveyance of the reinforcer.
