Answer:
O Lung cancer mortality rates among heavy smokers.
Explanation:
This question refers to Bradford Hill's criteria for causation. These are nine principles that Bradford Hill developed in order to allow researchers in epidemiology establish evidence of a causal relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect. This criteria has been widely used in research. The criterion of strength, or effect size, indicates that a small association does not mean that there is not a causal effect, though the larger the association, the more likely that it is causal. As the association between lung cancer mortality rates and heavy smoking is quite high, this is likely to be a causal relationship.
I believe I learned this in my forensics class. The skeleton of an (older) female is usually determined by the pelvic region. The wide hips and cervix area. (As women grow their hips and cervix move outward in order to give birth and house a child) In adolescent skeletons the hips and cervix on the female haven’t moved outward yet. Therefore making both the male and female skeletons look almost identical in the region they most use to determine (the pelvic and hips) I hope that’s right and what you were lookin for!
<span>Either forward bends or leg swings</span>
