Answer: Decentralized structure
Explanation: In simple words, it refers to the organisational structure in which most of the decisions regarding the operations are made by the managers working on mid and lower level. The top managers in such a structure takes only those decisions which are of highest priority to the organisation.
In the given case, Joanna is the lower level managers but still contributes frequently in decision making.
Hence we can conclude that her organisation has decentralized structure.
Answer:
Customers walking into the fast-food restaurants and joining the shortest queues for food, or selecting a queue from lines of equal length, instead of choosing to wait in longer queues to purchase food.
Explanation:
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the actual unemployment rate was 8.3% in February 2012 and the natural rate of unemployment was 5.2%. The<u> cyclical</u> unemployment rate was <u>3.1</u>%.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Unemployment is when an individual who is able to work and is also willing to work at the wage rate which is prevailing in the market, does not get work. There are some types of unemployment like cyclical, structural, frictional and so on.
Cyclical unemployment is the rate of unemployment that occurs in the different phases of the trade cycle. Because of high rate of actual unemployment rate in 2012, the cyclical rate of unemployment was also around 3%.
Answer:
B. skunk-works
Explanation:
Based on the scenario being described within the question it can be said that Micheal's team can be best referred to a skunk-works team. This is a team of individuals that come together in order to research and develop new innovative achievements, and is characterized as having a loosely structured group with little to no bureaucracy and a decentralized authority.
Answer:
Total quality management is a strategic ideal of all organizations today, operating in a highly competitive and globalized environment, where quality is an essential attribute for a company's good positioning and success in the active market.
Marketing and quality management tools, such as the four Ps and the three Cs will help companies to implement TQM in a simple and cheap way, through their own characteristics and analysis of their market. Using as an example a logistics company, the 4 ps of marketing and the 3 cs will help the company to improve its internal environment and consequently increase confidence in the external environment, because by improving communication, especially the organizational culture is strengthened, the strategies are more innovative and there is more staff capacity to set realistic goals and targets that can be achieved, by aligning organizational values with those of the potential audience, increasing quality, reducing waste, improving technology, reducing cost, etc.
