This question is incomplete. Here's the complete question.
Which of the following was one way reformers attempted to undermine the influence of political machines?
by organizing voter registration drives in immigrant neighborhoods
by having cities adopt the council-manager form of local government
by prosecuting immigrants accused of bribery and other forms of political corruption
by establishing political councils to monitor and document the activities of the machines
Answer: by having cities adopt the council-manager form of local government
Explanation:
Progressive reformers developed a movement in the early 1900s which produced two new forms of government, and the council-manager form was one of them. This development was intended to weaken the influence of political machines in the government. Partisanism was meant to be replaced by efficiency and professionalism.
The secret police attempted to identify citizens who opposed the Communist Party and who could undermine it.
