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strojnjashka [21]
2 years ago
13

If you are interested in the evolutionary relationship of animals that have four limbs, which of the following would be the outg

roup? Group of answer choices Sharks Ray-Finned Fish Amphibians Crocodiles Dinosaurs
Biology
1 answer:
trapecia [35]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

  • First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
  • Second outgroup → Sharks

Explanation:

The outgroup is the most distant taxonomic group that shares no traits or characters with the lineages of interest, which compose the ingroup. You can compare the outgroup with the ingroup to determine the evolutive relationship and which characters are primitive or derived.    

Even though the outgroup shares a common ancestor with the ingroup, this is placed far away in evolution, making the outgroup to be the taxonomic group less related to the other lineages. The lineages in the ingroup share another common ancestor that is more recent in history.

To select the outgroup, you need to focus on what you are interested in. There might be several outgroups, but you should choose the one that is more related or closer to the ingroups. This selection is important because you need to make comparisons to understand the evolution of specific traits.  

In the exposed example, we need to focus on animals that have four limbs. Then, we might assume that the ingroup is composed of Amphibians Crocodiles Dinosaurs. Sharks and Ray-Finned Fish do not have four limbs, so they might be considered outgroups.

From these two outgroups, sharks have a cartilaginous skeleton, while Ray-Finned Fishes have a bony skeleton. This fact makes ray-finned fishes more related to the ingroup than the sharks. So,

  • First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
  • Second outgroup → Sharks

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Adults with more than a 12-month history of migraines were assigned randomly in a double-blinded study to receive treatment with
lyudmila [28]

Answer:

Phase III

Explanation:

The given condition fall in the trial phase (Phase III) of cinical study which aims to:

- Determine drug's effectiveness (primary goal)

- Determine long-term drug safety

- Confirm findings

In Phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study is majorly to evaluate the efficacy and safety of placebo in episodic migraine prevention in children (6 to < 12 years of age) and adolescents (12 to < 18 years of age).  

The trial consists of four phases: screening; double-blind therapy period for 24 weeks in which placebo or Erenumab is given to subject as dose 1, dose 2 or dose 3 (based on the participant's body weight) once a month via subcutaneous injection; optional dose level blinded extension phase (40 weeks) which involves subjects recieve dose1, 2 and 3 of placebo, and at last it follows a safety follow-up phase for 12 weeks (after 16 weeks  of the last dose of investigational drug).

Hence, the clinical phase is phase III.

5 0
3 years ago
When both participants in a species' interaction develop adaptations in direct response to one another, this could progress into
fomenos

Answer:

coevolution

Explanation:

Coevolution refers to the process where two or more species modify each other's evolution via natural selection. Darwin mentioned how insects and flowering plants could coevolve by reciprocal evolutionary modifications. Coevolution has firstly been associated with mutualism between species including, for example, birds and flowering plants. However, coevolution may also involve host-parasite relationships, such as associations involving parasitic organisms and their sexually reproducing hosts. Finally, there are situations where coevolution involves both parasitism and mutualism (i.e., antagonistic coevolution).

4 0
3 years ago
What genes direct the
Valentin [98]

Answer:

a. hox genes.

Explanation:

HOX genes have the following functions:

  • HOX genes are the homeobox subset.
  • They specify the areas of the embryo's body plan along the animal head-tail axis.
  • They are encoding Hox proteins that specify the position characteristics and ensure that the right structures form at the right position in the body.
  • They regulate high-level executive genes, such as transcription factors and intracellular signaling molecules, which adhere, number, form, and growth to cells.

The vertebrates are highly preserved.

The clusters and other genes occur uninterrupted.

Evolutionary, the heterogeneous regulatory areas between the genes most previously present are larger and more preserved than those present at the other ends of the clusters.

The characteristical feature is that these are homeodomain proteins with a highly preserved area of DNA binding encoded with homeobox gens.

3 0
3 years ago
Which type of muscle tissue is both voluntary and striated?
iogann1982 [59]

Answer:

skeletal muscle fibres.

Explanation:

skeletal muscle fibres occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are straited in appearance and under voluntary control.

Hope it helps.

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Mendel accounted for the observation that traits that had disappeared in the f1 generation reappeared in the f2 generation by pr
marysya [2.9K]

Answer:

Option C,  traits can be dominant or recessive, and the recessive traits were obscured by the dominant ones in the F1.

Explanation:

Complete question-

Mendel accounted for the observation that traits which had disappeared in the F1 generation reappeared in the F2 generation by proposing that

Select one:

a. new mutations were frequently generated in the F2 progeny, "reinventing" traits that had been lost in the F1.

b. the mechanism controlling the appearance of traits was different between the F1 and the F2 plants.

c. traits can be dominant or recessive, and the recessive traits were obscured by the dominant ones in the F1.

d. the traits were lost in the F1 due to dominance of the parental traits.

e. members of the F1 generation had only one allele for each trait, but members of the F2 had two alleles for each trait.

Solution -

In the Mendel’s experiment, some traits which were absent in the F1 generation appeared in the second generation cross. By this he concluded, that the traits exressed in the F1 generation were dominant and hence they capped the expression of traits associated witl recessive allele. He classified the traits in F2 generation as recessive, because these traits can occur only when they are in pair i.e they form individuals with homozygous recessive genotype.  

For instance – If “R” is allele for dominant red color trait and “r” is the allele for recessive white color trait, then the cross between true breeding red flowers and white flowers will produce following offspring  

RR * rr

Rr, Rr, Rr, Rr

Thus, in F1 generation all the offspring are heterozygous red

F2 generation-  

Rr * Rr

RR, Rr, Rr, rr

The recessive trait of white colored flower reappears in second generation.

Hence, option C is correct

8 0
3 years ago
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