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strojnjashka [21]
2 years ago
13

If you are interested in the evolutionary relationship of animals that have four limbs, which of the following would be the outg

roup? Group of answer choices Sharks Ray-Finned Fish Amphibians Crocodiles Dinosaurs
Biology
1 answer:
trapecia [35]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

  • First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
  • Second outgroup → Sharks

Explanation:

The outgroup is the most distant taxonomic group that shares no traits or characters with the lineages of interest, which compose the ingroup. You can compare the outgroup with the ingroup to determine the evolutive relationship and which characters are primitive or derived.    

Even though the outgroup shares a common ancestor with the ingroup, this is placed far away in evolution, making the outgroup to be the taxonomic group less related to the other lineages. The lineages in the ingroup share another common ancestor that is more recent in history.

To select the outgroup, you need to focus on what you are interested in. There might be several outgroups, but you should choose the one that is more related or closer to the ingroups. This selection is important because you need to make comparisons to understand the evolution of specific traits.  

In the exposed example, we need to focus on animals that have four limbs. Then, we might assume that the ingroup is composed of Amphibians Crocodiles Dinosaurs. Sharks and Ray-Finned Fish do not have four limbs, so they might be considered outgroups.

From these two outgroups, sharks have a cartilaginous skeleton, while Ray-Finned Fishes have a bony skeleton. This fact makes ray-finned fishes more related to the ingroup than the sharks. So,

  • First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
  • Second outgroup → Sharks

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Place the steps of the respiration process in the correct order.
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<h3>What is respiration?</h3>

During respiration process occurs gas interchange between the body and the environment.

There are two types of respiration,

1) External respiration involves two different stages, inspiration - inhalation- and expiration -exhalation-.

• During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contractions enhance the size of the thoracic box and reduce internal pressure. As a result, air flows in and fills the lungs.

• During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic box diminishes, increasing the internal pressure and making the lungs contract, which results in air expulsion.

2) Internal respiration, during which blood and cells interchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Steps:

1) External respiration - Inhalation

Air passes from the environment to the lungs through the nose or mouth.

Oxygenated air moves

• From the nose or mouth to the pharynx.

• From the pharynx to the larynx.

• From the larynx to the trachea.

• From the trachea to the bronchia.

• From bronchia to bronchiole.

• Finally, from the bronchiole to alveoli.

Gas interchange with blood occurs in alveoli.

2) Internal respiration - Systemic circulation

The oxygenated blood moves from the lungs to the heart and the rest of the body.

Gases interchange occurs during this step. Cells take oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Deoxygenated blood moves from tissues to the heart and from the heart to the lungs, releasing carbon dioxide there.

3) External respiration - Exhalation

Carbon dioxide is released by expiration.

Correct order of steps

3) Air enters the nostrils.

1) Air passes from the trachea to the bronchi.

4) Air diffuses from the alveoli to the blood cells.

2) Oxygen enters the blood cells.

5) Blood transports oxygen to other cells.

You can learn more about the respiration at

brainly.com/question/10862677

brainly.com/question/4190530

#SPJ1

<u>Complete question</u>

Place the steps of the respiration process in the correct order.

1) Air passes from the trachea to the bronchi.

2)Oxygen enters the blood cells.

3)Air enters the nostrils.

4)Air diffuses from the alveoli to the blood cells.

5)Blood transports oxygen to other cells.

7 0
1 year ago
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