Answer:
Inspiring
Explanation:
Johannes Gutenberg is credited for Print Revolution in Europe. It is considered as the milestone in the modern world as it led to mass production of written text which were earlier difficult to circulate.
"Illuminating" refers to the inspiring period before the invention of printing. Books were written and copied by hand until 15th Century which required labor and hard work as compared to the ease of printing in the modern period. It was a painstaking task which definitely inspires us today with a lot of respect for our traditional methods.
Pretty sure the first one
If you're asking for main idea, the main idea or thesis statement sentence is sentence 1, where they explain what the passage is about.
Answer:

Douglass advocated equal justice and rights, as well as citizenship, for blacks. He begins his speech by modestly apologizing for being nervous in front of the crowd and recognizes that he has come a long way since his escape from slavery.