Lets use the process of elimination to find this answer. It wouldn't be the second option because personification is a nonhuman object having human capabilities, it wouldn't be the first option because hyperbole's are statements that aren't meant to be taken literally and they are mainly exaggerated claims. It wouldn't be the fourth option because paradox is a statement that is unbelievable but with research and conducting a investigation you will find out that the statement is true, it wouldn't be the third option because the appeal of logos is using logic in order to convince the reader, leaving only option E which is your answer.
What are the choices? If I had to choose a phrase without knowing of any choices, I would put "Bad studying" But im pretty sure thats not the answer you are looking for.
I think thew answer is D. "The author supplies the rubuttel that quotes more current research". I'm not 100% sure but it was the best one i could think of. Hope it's right
