4% is the percent change in real income.
What is the meaning of real income?
Real income, also known as real pay when referring to an individual's income, is the amount of money that an individual or entity makes after taking inflation into account. To have the best knowledge of their purchasing power, people frequently closely monitor the difference between their nominal and actual income.
What is meant by nominal income?
Nominal income is money that hasn't been adjusted for inflation-related changes in buying power, or how much one can buy with that money.
What Is Price Level?
The price level is determined by averaging the current prices for all the goods and services produced in an economy. Price level, in a broader sense, refers to the cost or price of a good, service, or security in the market.
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Answer: $9000
Explanation:
Based on the values given in the question, the consolidated gain or loss on equipment for 2018 would be calculated as:
Cost of equipment = $120,000
Less accumulated depreciation = $66,000
Less: Amount Devin sold equipment to Pepe = $45,000
Consolidated loss= $120,000 - $66000 - $45000
= $9000
The after-tax equilibrium quantity of cigarettes smoked will equal the socially optimal quantity of cigarettes smoked. The correct option is C.
<h3>What is the externality of smoking?</h3>
The externalities of smoking refers to the costs imposed by smoking on people other than smokers themselves, in particular through the health effects of passive smoking and the effects of smoking on health care costs and productivity.
Therefore, The after-tax equilibrium quantity of cigarettes smoked will equal the socially optimal quantity of cigarettes smoked. The correct option is C.
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<span>How did trickle-down economics claim to increase government tax revenues? By lowering tax rates. Lower tax rates helps the people by giving them a tax break that the wouldn't otherwise get. Paying taxes becomes expensive and it helps those when taxes decrease because they are able to keep more of their income and afford more than they would be able to otherwise. </span>
