Answer:
Explanation:
A convergent boundary (also known as a destructive boundary) is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other, a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Wadati–Benioff zone.[1] These collisions happen on scales of millions to tens of millions of years and can lead to volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis, destruction of lithosphere, and deformation. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere. The geologic features related to convergent boundaries vary depending on crust types.
Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells in the mantle. Convection cells are the result of heat generated by radioactive decay of elements in the mantle escaping to the surface and the return of cool materials from the surface to the mantle.[2] These convection cells bring hot mantle material to the surface along spreading centers creating new crust. As this new crust is pushed away from the spreading center by the formation of newer crust, it cools, thins, and becomes denser. Subduction begins when this dense crust converges with less dense crust. The force of gravity helps drive the subducting slab into the mantle.[3] As the relatively cool subducting slab sinks deeper into the mantle, it is heated, causing hydrous minerals to break down. This releases water into the hotter asthenosphere, which leads to partial melting of asthenosphere and volcanism. Both dehydration and partial melting occurs along the 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) isotherm, generally at depths of 65 to 130 km (40 to 81 mi).[4][5]
Some lithospheric plates consist of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. In some instances, initial convergence with another plate will destroy oceanic lithosphere, leading to convergence of two continental plates. Neither continental plate will subduct. It is likely that the plate may break along the boundary of continental and oceanic crust. Seismic tomography reveals pieces of lithosphere that have broken off during convergence
Which of what following ?
<span>B)Both are involved with stages of succession, but pioneer species are the beginning and climax communities are the end result.</span>
The genetic code is based upon reading 3 bases at a time
there are 4 nucleotides bases in DNA and 20 amino acids .
In order to incorporate all the amino acids we consider 3 bases in genetic code
4 x 4 x 4 = 64
if we would take 2 bases -
4x4 = 16 that would leave out 4 amino acids without a code .
Answer:
adsorption, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release
Explanation:
The virus after infecting the cell produces several progenies which after reaching a certain number cause the lysis of the cell and are then released out from it. This process of entering the host by the virus and then lysing the cells to be released is termed as a lytic cycle.
There are 5 stages involved in this lytic cycle:
1. Adsorption - when the virus finds its attachment site on the bacteria it gets attached to the viral receptor and then is adsorbed on the bacteria, this is the first step required to gain entry into the host.
2. Penetration - once the virus is attached to the host the next step is to penetrate it and enter inside the cell. For this, the virus secretes lysozyme and then inserts its genetic material inside the cell.
3. Biosynthesis - this stage involves the utilization of the enzymes and nucleotides of the host to make up the DNA of the phage.
4. Maturation - once the phage DNA is made the next stage is to assemble the phage DNA with the capsid and this is termed as maturation.
5. Release - this step involves the breakage of the plasma membrane of the host cell and the release fo the phage particles.
