Tammy's sample may not be considered valid because, on the first hand, it is said that she only asked students from her " Math Class".
If she wants to have a survey to find out the favorite subject of the students at her school, she must conduct a survey involving all the students in her school, not just in her class. What she did is just subjective. She should use a tally listing the different subjects and compare the number of students per subject. This way, she can have an objective representation of the least liked subjects and the most liked subjects of the students on her school.
Illustrating her survey through statistics may be more reliable and valid because it shows frequencies in which she can calculate easily and accurately the percentage of the number of students per subject, in a more objective manner.
Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:
difference of a number and 9 means to subtract

twice that means multiply by 2

at least is greater than or equal to

X= a number
If 52 is 130% of a number, then we multiply the unknown number by 130%.
x * 130%= 52
convert % to decimal (130%÷100)
1.3x= 52
divide both sides by 1.3
x= 40
ANSWER: The unknown number is 40, so it is less than 52. We multiply the unknown number by 130% to equal 52.
Hope this helps! :)