Sum/difference:
Let
This means that
Now, assume that 
is rational. The sum/difference of two rational numbers is still rational (so 5-x is rational), and the division by 3 doesn't change this. So, you have that the square root of 8 equals a rational number, which is false. The mistake must have been supposing that was rational, which proves that the sum/difference of the two given terms was irrational
Multiplication/division:
The logic is actually the same: if we multiply the two terms we get
if again we assume x to be rational, we have
But if x is rational, so is -x/15, and again we come to a contradiction: we have the square root of 8 on one side, which is irrational, and -x/15 on the other, which is rational. So, again, x must have been irrational. You can prove the same claim for the division in a totally similar fashion.
The two triangles are similar and equal therefore; It means the corresponding sides are equal and the corresponding angles are equal. Hence;
ZX=EF, thus,ZX = 1.3 in.
EG = XY, thus, EG = 3.0 in.
m∠ X = m∠E, thus m ∠X = 48°
m∠ G = m∠Y, and angles in a triangle add up to 180 thus;
m ∠ G=180- (107 +48) = 25°
So you will need to solve for x and y before evaluating 2x+y....
2x-y=9, y=2x-9 now this will make 4x^2-y^2=171 become:
4x^2-(2x-9)^2=171
4x^2-(4x^2-36x+81)=171
36x-81=171
36x=252
x=7, now we can use 2x-y=9 to solve for y...
2(7)-y=9
14-y=9
-y=-5
y=5
now we know that x=7 and y=5, 2x+y becomes:
2(7)+5
14+5
19
