Answer:
The difference between light dependent and light independent reactions is light independent is energy from sunlight that is absorbed by Chlorophyll. Also light dependent is energy that is converted into stored chemical energy. In the independent reactions, the chemical energy basically harvests during the light dependent reactions, which drives the assembly of these sugar molecules from carbon dioxide.
Crossing over creates more variety by changing the linkage between genes. In a population that does not experience crossing over, the genes on the same chromosome will always be on the same chromosome and therefore inherited together.
In populations that do experience crossing over in diplonema during prophase I, the phenotypes will be more diverse because there is a greater chance for genes to be separated from one another and inherited separately. Crossing over does not always happen in the same location, so for populations in which this occurs, there is an exponentially greater number of inheritance combinations.
You should be able to answer your own questions with that information.
Answer:
A countercurrent system a more efficient system for gas exchange. Because water is viscous, this would require a lot of energy, so the counter-current system is a more efficient way of increasing the amount of oxygen diffusing into the blood. The unidirectional flow of water is another advantage.
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