Africa was developing independently until it was taken by the capitalist powers of colonial Europe. Exploitation increased preventing this society of the benefit of their natural resources. By the early 20th century much of Africa, except Ethiopia and Liberia, had been colonized by European powers; even though African societies put up various forms of resistance against colonization. Between 1870 and 1900, Africa encountered military invasions done by Europe which led to an eventual conquest and colonization.
The European colonial powers were motivated by political, social and economic factors. It is important to note that Europe's first motivation for their intrusion was economic. It all started with the disintegration of the slave trade's benefits, its elimination and extinction, as well as the growth of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Europe also wanted to control and have more lands that had raw materials which they needed for their industrial economy, and to open new markets for the goods made by them. This led to Europeans settling for extraction, appropriation of land for settlers or plantations, which made Africans to sell their work to European farmers, planters or mine-owners. Economy was monopolized by Europeans.
One of the first scientists of the renaissance to advance taxonomy through the firsthand observations was Valerius Cordus
An artificial waterway<span> or </span>artificially<span> improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.</span>
