Carrying capacity is determined by limiting factors.
It IS NOT A because after a fire, soil remains, so it would be secondary, not primary. D is INCORRECT because after a volcano, only rock is left so it is primary succession, not secondary.
If you can post the picture I could tell you the correct answer.
Answer:
Since reproduction is so important, the adaptive strategy of pre-leafing flowering is to use those energy stores to produce flowers that provide the seeds. ... Early flowering ensures that the leaves will not block the sunlight from the flower buds. Once the flowers have done their jobs, they fall and leaves appear.
Explanation:
