Answer:
discovery in 2008 where researchers found the ACTN3 gene known as the super sprinter gene that controls fast twitch muscle fibers in sprinters. this gene is apparent in a lot of sprinters, and we know it is a mutation because about 18% of people today actually have 2 defective ones, thus not having the ACTN3 gene at all.
There's this other famous one where this gene low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, or LRP5 causes extra bone density. usually when LRP5 is inhibited or impaired, this causes osteoporosis, but when it is mutated a different way, it can cause increased bone density. a bunch of generations of a family had never broken a bone in their life because of this. cool stuff.
There's also this trait originating from Africa that people with the sickle cell anemia, no matter if it is active or not, have some resistance towards malaria, good mutataion.
Explanation:
