The answer is D. A Supreme court Decision to move the Cherokee west of the Mississippi River. Here is text from Wikipedia,
"Indian removal was a genocide in the 19th century whereby Native Americans were forced by the United States government to leave their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, specifically to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, modern Oklahoma)."
By sending spies to the USSR to copy their plans for sputnik
The purpose behind the paper would be the fact that there would be "85 articles" that would be help for each person, would have to apply too. So, in this case, these people were practically not telling the other people the truth of what would really be happening.
The McCulloch v. Maryland is the case that went to the Supreme Court because the state of Maryland wanted to tax the National Bank established by the Congress. The court ruled that under the Article I, Section 8, the "Necessary and Proper" clause that the state could not tax the institution of the the federal government. This is an landmark case and its effect was that this supported the federal government over the state governments.