This is indicative of classical conditioning as studied by Pavlov. There is an unconditioned stimuli, in this case, Kendra’s nausea wherein nausea is not often associated with alcohol. The conditioned stimuli here is the smell of liquor which does not normally associate with nausea in other humans. In this case, Kendra’s nausea is now associated with the smell of liquor; yet another possible conditioned stimuli such as the sight of bottle was not associated.<span> </span>
<span>This might disrupt the ability of a neuron to fire and action potential. If the influx of positive ions is blocked the neuron will not reach the necessary threshold required to fire an action potential. Since an action potential only fires when the neuron reaches the correct voltage threshold even a small increase in the number of positive ions entering the neuron might block it from firing an action potential.</span>
Answer:
The geosphere transfers carbon to the biosphere when volcanic eruptions occur. Burning fuels like carbon dioxide, fossils, gasoline also transfers carbon from the geosphere to the biosphere.
Carbon is incorporated into the geosphere when an organism dies. The carbon then forms fossils fuels etc. which are consumed by humans. The shells becoming limestone also transfers carbon. These limestones are used by humans for various purposes.
D. the process of cell growth
