B
<u>Temperature</u> is NOT a density-dependent factor affecting population growth
Explanation:
Density-dependent factors mean variables that are affected by the density of the population. The opposite of density-depend is density-independent factors. These are those variables that affect the density of the population but are not affected by the density of the population.
In this case, temperatures are not affected by the density of the population. However, temperatures affect the density of the population. Most individuals can only survive within an optimal temperature range.
The rest of the choices are density-dependent variables
Learn More:
For more on dependent and independent variables check out;
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In a heliocentric system, earth revolves around the sun.
Answer:
competition
Explanation:
After an ecosystem has been destroyed because of certain catastrophe and all of the space that it occupied is totally cleared and open for overtaking, the primary succession comes in action. When the primary succession occurs, there's no competition, as pretty much everything has been destroyed from the previously existing ecosystem. The pioneers of the primary succession are organisms that do not require a lot to prosper, such as the mosses and lichens. As they start to cover the barren land, little by little they manage to change the composition of the rocks, thus resulting in the formation of the first soils. As that happens, the secondary succession comes on the horizon as now it has conditions for it, so the species from it overtake and replace the species form the primary succession.