1. The right answer is cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration allows the production of ATP through the breakdown of glucose assisted by oxygen. We talk about aerobic metabolism. This metabolism is to oppose the fermentation which is done without oxygen (anaerobic) and that we detail in another file. Cellular respiration is divided into two phases, one cytoplasmic and the other mitochondrial.
2. The right answer is Chloroplasts transform light energy into chemical energy.
Chloroplasts convert solar energy into chemical energy, which are carbohydrates.
Chloroplasts (or plastids) are present in all plant cells (with the exception of some unicellular species that lack them). Located in the cytoplasm of the cell, containing chlorophyll and providing photosynthesis.
3. The right answer is It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.
Cellulose is a linear homopolymer composed of very numerous units of D-Anhydroglucopyranose (AGU) interconnected by β- (1 → 4) glycosidic linkages. The repetition pattern is the cellobiose dimer. The AGUs are in chair conformation and have 3 hydroxyl functions: 2 secondary alcohols (in position 2 and 3) and a primary alcohol (in position 6). These hydroxyl functions, as well as the glycoside bonds, are in equatorial position with respect to the plane of the cycle, which therefore causes the hydrogens of the ring to be in the axial position.
The degree of polymerization differs enormously depending on the origin of the cellulose; its value can vary from a few hundred to a few tens of thousands.
4. The right answer is Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles (organ-like cell elements) of the cytoplasm with a double membrane (inner membrane and outer membrane) and multiply as bacteria by division or budding.
Mitochondria are present in animal and plant cells, they allow the synthesis of proteins and are between 0.5 microns to 7 microns; chloroplasts are characteristic of plant cells, they capture sunlight and are the source of photosynthesis.
5. The right answer is homeostasis.
Homeostasis biological process that allows constants of the internal environment of the organism necessary for its proper functioning to be maintained (in limited values).
The whole regulation of homeostasis is through the autonomic nervous system (autonomic nervous system) and endocrine (hormonal) glands.
7. The right answer is chloroplast.
Chloroplasts are located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic photosynthetic cells. In algae of the genus Chlamydomonas, there is a chloroplast per cell, usually bell-shaped and occupying a large part of the cytoplasm.
In the higher plants, most aerial parts contain them, and the leaves contain the most. Their favorite place is especially the mesophyll of the leaf where each cell can contain several tens of chloroplasts. Various aerial tissues do not contain much: epidermis-coating cells, aquiferous stomatal cells (groups of cells that evacuate water from certain leaves). In general, non-exposed tissue cells such as roots do not have them.
8. The right answer is It allows passage of particles into and out of the cell.
Membrane proteins are one of the three major classes of proteins besides fibrous proteins and globular proteins.
The functions of membrane proteins can be
*Signaling: Receptors coupled to G proteins
*Energy conversion: Photosynthetic reaction center ATP synthase
*Transport: Such as ABC Transporters, Potassium Channel, Aquaporins
10. The right answer is Only active transport requires ATP.
It is a transport of molecules against a concentration gradient that uses metabolic energy.
Permeases have a high specificity with respect to molecules.
There may also be saturation of the carrier.
The "ABC transporter" transport system is present in bacteria (ATP binding cassette transporters): it is a transporter with two hydrophobic trans-membrane domains associated on the cytoplasmic side with two nucleotide binding domains.
