Answer:
1. Ad hominem- Our current mayor has been in politics for over 25 years. It is time that we have a younger mayor, so we can have fresh ideas to make our city better.
2. False Analogy- Driving to work instead of using public transportation is like not eating everything on your plate. It wastes valuable resources.
3. False Dilemma- Increasing our city's debt to improve our roads is better than letting all our cars be destroyed because of all the potholes.
4. Red Herring- It is true that the city council did approve a tax for a new road construction project. However, our city needs to attract more businesses to stabilize our economy.
Explanation:
Ad hominem is a form of fallacy where the person is attacked instead of the argument he presents. In the above example, the current mayor is presented as not having fresh ideas and this deviates from the argument of him being in office for over 25 years.
False Analogy identifies similarities between two concepts that are used to draw further conclusions. Similarities are drawn between driving to work and not eating everything on a plate.
A False dilemma occurs only when two choices are presented when there are other options to choose from. Apart from increasing the city's debt, there could have been other ways to prevent the roads from being destroyed by potholes.
Red herring is a topic that distracts from the main subject being discussed. The subject which is the approval of a road construction project was distracted from.
