Frost wedging occurs because rocks becomes brittle when they freeze and water occupies more volume than ice.
Frost weathering is a collective term for several mechanical weathering processes triggered via stresses created by using the freezing of water into ice. The term serves as an umbrella term for a ramification of techniques which include frost shattering, frost wedging and cryofracturing.
Frost wedging takes place while water filling a crack freezes and expands (because it freezes, water expands 8 to 11% in volume over liquid water). The expanding ice imparts a extremely good amount of pressure against the rock (as plenty as 30,000 kilos/rectangular inch) and wedges open the crack.
Frost wedging takes place in locations which have the right temperatures to freeze water after which soften water. This normally happens in polar areas and mid latitude mountains wherein daylight can soften water throughout the day and refreeze overnight when temperatures drop.
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Earth's mantle has kept contributing to the Earth's atmosphere through a process called degassing. During this process, gases are emitted from the magma in the mantle and are transferred into the atmosphere through tectonic procedure such as ocean ridge spreading and volcanism.
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It should be B. Whether the ash or gas reaches the stratosphere
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5. plans to transfer water from the yangtze river
Explanation:
It says plans which means it hasn't been done yet.
