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Mars2501 [29]
3 years ago
13

Explain the three schemes via which the binding of instructions and data to memory addresses can be done. In each scheme, how th

e logical address can be converted to physical address?
Computers and Technology
1 answer:
pav-90 [236]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Compile time

Load time

Execution time

Explanation:

The binding of instructions can be done in three steps, which are:

Compile time

Load time

Execution time

• Compile time In compile time, absolute code is usually generated when the compile time where the process resides in the memory is known

• Load time - in contrary to compile time, if it is not known at compile time where the process will reside in memory, then the compiler has to generate a relocatable code. In this scenario, the final binding is usually delayed until load time.

• Execution time - if the process is able to be moved during its execution from a particular memory segment to another segment, then binding is delayed until run time.

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Programs for embedded devices are often written in assembly language. Some embedded processors have limited instructions, like M
oksano4ka [1.4K]

Answer:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

   char address[2];

   int tag, firstBit, secondBit, setNumber;

   int cache[4][2]={{1,5}, {2,4}, {3,2}, {6,0}};

   cout << "Enter the address as hex(in small letters: "<

   cin >> address;

   for (int i < 0; i < 8; i++){

       if (address[0] == '0'){

           tag = 0;

           firstBit = 0;

        } else if (address[0] == '1'){

           tag = 0;

           firstBit = 1;

        } else if (address[0] == '2'){

           tag =1;

           firstBit = 0;

        } else if (address[0] == '3'){

           tag = 1;

           firstBit = 1;

        } else if (address[0] == '4'){

           tag = 2;

           firstBit = 0;

        } else if (address[0] == '5'){

           tag = 2;

           firstBit = 1;

        }  else if (address[0] == '6'){

           tag = 3;

           firstBit = 0;

       } else if (address[0] == '7'){

           tag = 3;

           firstBit = 1;

       }  else if (address[0] == '8'){

           tag = 4;

           firstBit = 0;

       } else if (address[0] == '9'){

           tag = 4;

           firstBit = 1;

       }   else if (address[0] == 'A'){

           tag = 5;

           firstBit = 0;

       } else if (address[0] == 'B'){

           tag = 5;

           firstBit = 1;

       }  else if (address[0] == 'C'){

           tag = 6;

           firstBit = 0;

       } else if (address[0] == 'D'){

           tag = 6;

           firstBit = 1;

        }  else if (address[0] == 'E'){

           tag = 7;

           firstBit = 0;

       } else if (address[0] == 'F'){

           tag = 7;

           firstBit = 1;

       } else{

           cout<<"The Hex number is not valid"<< endl;

        }

   }

   if(address[1]>='0' && address[1]<'8'){

       secondBit = 0;

  }  else if(address[1]=='8'|| address[1]=='9'||(address[1]>='a' && address[1]<='f')){

       secondBit = 1;

   }  else{

       cout<<"The Hex number is not valid"<< endl;  

       return 0;

   }

   setNumber = firstBit * 2 + secondBit;

   if(cache[setNumber][0]==tag || cache[setNumber][1]==tag){

       cout<<"There is a hit";

   } else{

       cout<< "There is a miss";

   }

   return 0;

}

Explanation:

The C++ source code prompts the user for an input for the address variable, then the nested if statement is used to assign the value of the firstBit value given the value in the first index in the address character array. Another if statement is used to assign the value for the secondBit and then the setNumber is calculated.

If the setNumber is equal to the tag bit, Then the hit message is printed but a miss message is printed if not.

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