Question

Exposure Status Cases Controls Yes 11 108 No 5 436 Total 16 544 Calculate the odds ratio. What do you conclude based upon your results

Answer 1

Answer:

$Ratio = 8.8$

The exposure may be risk factor.

Explanation:

Given

$\begin{array}{ccc}{Exposure\ Status} & {Cases} & {Control} & {Yes} & {11} & {108} & {No} & {5} & {436} & {Total} & {16} & {544} \ \end{array}$

Required

The odd ratio

First, we calculate the odds of exposure using:

$Odds = \frac{With\ Exposure(Yes)}{Without\ Exposure (No)}$

For cases, we have:

$Odds_{Cases} = \frac{11}{5}$

$Odds_{Cases} = 2.20$

For controls, we have:

$Odds_{Controls} = \frac{108}{436}$

$Odds_{Controls} = 0.25$

So, the odds' ratio is:

$Ratio = \frac{Odds_{Cases}}{Odds_{Controls}}$

$Ratio = \frac{2.20}{0.25}$

$Ratio = 8.8$

Conclusion about the odds' ratio

The calculated ratio is greater than (and also far from) 1.

This implies that there is a greater exposure than the controls.

So, we can conclude that the exposure may be risk factor.