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Trade across the Sahara: the export of gold and ivory to coastal cities in East Africa.
The Western Sudan is an African nation that dates back to the Middle Ages (as it was founded in 954 CE). is a desert that crosses the continent from the Red Sea to West Africa's Atlantic coast.
The area was given the moniker "Land of Blacks" (Bilad-al-Sudan) by Arabic-speaking travelers. The Sahel and portions of its surrounding grasslands are included in the Western Sudan, which stretches from the Atlantic coast in the east to Lake Chad in the west.
Great Zimbabwe has been called "one of sub-Saharan Africa's most stunning architectural landscapes." Before the development of written language in a specific society, the primary means of passing down knowledge, skills, and information from one generation to the next was through oral tradition. Everything was stored and practiced in the form of oral tradition and communal memory prior to the development of written language.
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<span>The reasons for the development of feudalism vary between nations that employed the system, most notably, the Roman and Germanic cultures. Feudalism developed with the Romans as a method of land tenure. In this practice, a land grant was given by the land-holder to an individual in exchange for services rendered. Often, these contracts were for life.
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Feudalism spread through Europe during the ninth century and lasted for several centuries in some nations. In France, feudalism began as wealthy landowners built castles for protection. As kings weren't powerful enough to reclaim their land, nobles began to claim authority over land in their jurisdiction.
In England, feudalism wasn't part of Anglo-Saxon society. However, large landowners had extensive powers in terms of managing their land. When William the Conqueror introduced feudalism in the 11th century, he maintained authority over all landowners.
In Germany, feudalism lasted for many centuries. This was due to the weakening of royal power due to issues like the German throne being a position for which rulers had to be elected. Issues such as this kept the nobles powerful, despite the attempts of some rulers to limit them.
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Answer:
The chief problems Charles faced were the Protestant Reformation in Germany; the dynastic conflict with King Francis I of France, particularly for supremacy in Italy; and the advance of the Ottoman Turks.May 31, 2018
Explanation:
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