Through the things they eat
Answer:
"This is jody's brown deer"
Explanation:
Answer:
OH, H2O2 and O−2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be defined as highly reactive chemical compounds formed from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS are generated as a normal product of cellular metabolism, and also as a response to different environmental/internal cellular stimuli (e.g., cytokines, xenobiotics, pathogenic invasion). For example, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are a type of ROS generated in the mitochondria which are capable of inducing oxidative stress in different cells and also trigger chronic inflammation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules represent another type of ROS which are produced during the stereoselective deamination of amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. These molecules (H2O2) exhibit toxic effects on the cell (e.g., DNA damage). Finally, singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen (O2) that is generated during photosynthesis in the photosystem II (PSII) of chloroplasts.
Seasonal variations of climate impact the state of an ecosystem. In areas that experience a cold season, some elements of the ecosystem change their residence or even hibernate to survive. Succession can be considered a higher state of development of the ecosystem.
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Answer:
Red-capped Robin is the group of Robins that share a more recent common ancestor with the Norfolk Island robins.
Explanation:
Red-capped Robin is the group of Robins that share a more recent common ancestor with the Norfolk Island robins, this can be seen by the degree of genetic similarity between these two species, since the Red-capped Robin has 98.2% of genetic similarity .
When two species have the same common ancestor, these species have great genetic similarity and the more recent this ancestry is, the greater the genetic similarity between the species.
