Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
The physiology, behavior, and other qualities of a particular organism or class of organisms.
I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is option A. The process that is being described above is called succession. Ecological succession is the process of change in species structure in a community as time goes by. Hope this answers the question.
Four molecules of ATP are created from both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
I think ur face is a rat and gorilla I eat humans oh yeaa so don’t oh yeaaa
